Genesee County Health Department

Better Life Through Better Health

Cancer of the testes is a relatively rare form of cancer. It accounts for about 1 percent of all cancers in men, but it is the most common cancer found in young men. It affects 1 out of every 10,000 American men age15-35. In 1999, 13 cases of testicular cancer were reported in Genesee County, of which 6 were found in males aged 15-35.

The testes are the male reproductive glands that produce sperm cells and the male hormone testosterone. They are approximately two inches long and are enclosed in the scrotum. An estimated 6,800 cases of testicular cancer and 325 deaths from the disease now occur each year in the US. The rates among white men are four times greater than among black men. The rates for Hispanics, American Indians, and Asians are higher than those for black, but still less than whites.

The cause of testicular cancer is not well understood. A vital risk factor is a history of one testicle not moving into the scrotum properly before school age. If detected early, there is nearly a 100% cure rate. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, depending on how advanced the cancer is.

Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer are:

• A hard lump found in a testicle;
• Painless swelling;
• Feelings of heaviness in the groin area or scrotum;
• One testicle larger or firmer than the other;

Cancer can be found early by monthly testicular self-examination. This should ideally be done after a warm shower or bath. Stand in front of a mirror and look for any swelling on the scrotum skin. Gently roll each testicle between the thumb and fingers of both hands. See a doctor right away if any signs or symptoms are found.