Genesee County Health Department

Better Life Through Better Health

Out of sight and out of mind describes the relationship most homeowners have with their septic systems. But what you don’t know can hurt you. Proper operation and care of your septic system can have a real impact on how well it works and how long it lasts.

There are two main parts to the basic septic system: the septic tank and the drain field.

In the tank, heavy solids in the wastewater settle to the bottom forming a layer of sludge. Grease and light solids float to the top forming a layer of scum. The sludge and scum remain in the tank where natural bacteria work to break them down. The bacteria cannot completely break down all the sludge and scum,. This is why septic tanks need to be pumped every 3 – 5 years.

Drainfields allow liquid waste to trickle from a series of perforated pipes, through a layer of gravel, and into the soil. The soil acts as a filter and contains organisms that help treat the waste. Solids from a neglected septic tank damage the drainfield by clogging the gravel and surrounding soil.

Proper septic system care includes conserving water; being careful that nothing harmful enters the system, and pumping the septic tank regularly.

• Repair leaking faucets or running toilets. Use washing machines and dishwashers only when full. Avoid letting water run while washing hands and brushing teeth. Install water saving features in faucets and showerheads. Sump pump and water softener discharges are prohibited from entering drainfield system.

• Avoid even small amounts of hazardous materials such as paint, waste oil, pesticides and other chemicals. They can destroy helpful bacteria and pollute the groundwater.

For more information contact the Genesee County Health Department at (810) 257-3603